Exchange Traded Options (ETOs) are a derivative security which means their value is derived from another asset, typically a share or (stock market) index.
An ETO gives you the right but not the obligation to buy or sell a given security at a certain price within a given time.
There are two main types of ETOs: Calls - the right to buy, and Puts - the right to sell.
Trading ETOs is risky and should not be attempted unless you have a sound understanding of their characteristics and the market they operate in.
Type of trade | Fee or brokerage | Amount |
---|---|---|
Online trading (transaction size) | Up to and including $10,000 | $34.95 |
Above $10,001 | 0.35% of trade value | |
Over the phone | All | $49.95 or 0.55% of trade value (whichever is greater) |
You can use ETOs to hedge or protect your share portfolio against a drop in value. For example, buying put options over shares allows you to lock in a sale price during the life of the option, regardless of share price movements.
Shareholders can earn income by selling call options over shares they already hold.
If you buy a call option, the purchase price for the underlying share is locked in until the ETO expiry date.
The initial outlay for an options contract is less than you would need if you were to invest directly in the underlying shares.
Because your initial outlay is lower when you trade options, you can diversify your portfolio and gain broader exposure to a range of shares, or even a market index.
ETOs have a limited life span. Their time value falls as they approach their expiry date, and they’re worth nothing after they expire.
ETOs are affected by movements in the underlying share or index. If the market moves against you, your ETOs may fall in price or become worthless at or before their expiry date.
The high degree of leverage involved in many ETOs can work against you, multiplying losses if the market moves against you.
If you buy an option and it expires worthless, you’ll lose the premium you paid for the option, plus transaction costs.
As the seller of an ETO, you earn a premium. However, it’s important to be aware that you can also incur unlimited losses if the market moves against an uncovered (naked) Call position.
There are two ways to fund your investment: